BJMN

Topic: COPD

Websites:

[]

[]

[]

[]

[] []

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

[]

Origin of COPD Develops over many years, causes narrowing of the airways, which lead to the lungs not expanding and contracting the way they are supppose to. The cause of COPD is irritants, cigarette smoke is the most common. What happens is the cells that fight against irritants ( macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes), produce mucous inside the airways causing less room for air to get through. They also are responsible for releasing chemicals and enzymes (proteases), that help against infection and injury. But, too much of these chemicals can be harmful and lead to emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Another cause of COPD can be a genetic disorder called Alpha-Antitrypsin deficiency (AAT). It's a protein that protects the lungs. It's released into the bloodstream by your liver. In this genetic disorder your body does not produce enough AAT which can put you at risk for emphysema.

There are a lot of medications that doctors recommend to patients with COPD, some of the most common medications are: 1. bronchodilators; this kind of medication helps the patient to breath easier. 2. Glucocorticoids; this medication is not all 100 % save, it can have some bad effects with patients. But the principal proposal of glucocorticoids is to work by decreasing swelling and inflammation in the airways of the lungs. [] 3. Steroids are another medication for COPD. It helps to control temporary some of the symptoms. Steroids helps to decreasing the inflammation of the airways, which also improve breathing better. This medications needs to be take daily in order to obtain the full benefit. 4. Antibiotics are recommended as COPD medications too, people that have lung problems. The antibiotics can help to reduce the infection and prevent infection. [] One of the princilal treatmes that also will help the patients to have a better and healthy life stile is to quit smoking. smoking is one of the most common causes of COPD. The treatment for patients wit COPD also come with medications such as: 1. Corticostiroids 2. Bronchodilators 3. Beta-agonist 4. Anti-cholinergic drugs these medications will help to reduce pain and inflamation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD, is a combination of bronchitis and emphysema. Some of the common test used fro the diagnostic of COPD are: 1. Spirometry- this test measures the air that a person exhales. if the patient has 70% or less than a healthy person, they have a big probability of have COPD. 2. Measuring lung volume: this test is based on the patient´s age and height. 3. Difussion capacity: measures how well the alvedi allow gas exchange in the lungs. 4. Oximetry: is to determine how much oxugen is in the blood stream. []
 * Medications for COPD**.
 * Treatments for COPD**
 * There are two main types of COPD: chronic bronchitis and emphysema.**
 * Common diagnostic tests for COPD**

A health related article []

Description of Disease: COPD stands for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. It is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe and is irreversible. It causes a blockage/narrowing of the airways which results in a decreased air flow both in and out of your lungs. COPD consists of two main lung disorders: Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis. Most people with COPD have both disorders which is why they general term COPD is more accurate. Emphysema is a chronic lung condition in which alveoli may be destroyed, narrowed, collapsed, stretched, or over-inflated. This can cause a decrease in respiratory function and breathlessness. Damage to the air sacs is irreversible and result in permanent holes in the lung tissue. Chronic Bronchitis is a long-term inflammation of the bronchi which results in an increased production of mucus and other changes. These changes may result in breathing problems, frequent infections, cough, and disability. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Also, long-term exposure to air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust may also contribute. It can also be genetically transferred, which it is then called Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, but that is rare. This disease is the third leading cause of death in the United States. More than 12 million people are diagnosed with COPD and many more may have the disease and not know. It claims the lives of over 126,000 annually. The disease mainly occurs in those ages 40 and older.

[] [] []

Latest Research: October 25, 2011- Computed tomography(CT) has been used for Lung cancer screening and been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality. Use of the CT scan for lung cancer might have another benefit—the early diagnosis of COPD. October 24, 2011- The competing standards for evaluating COPD could lead to errors in both diagnosis and treatment. There are important differences in the way patients are classified by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS). The research led to conclude that older patients might be over diagnosed and younger patients underdiagnosed. There is a need for GOLD and ATS/ERS to form a joint consensus to resolve the conflicts. October 5, 2011- Researchers presented their results at the European Respiratory Society’s annual conference in Amsterdam that showed that living in cold, humid river valleys may worsen the symptoms of COPD. The combination of weather and climate, toxic particles and pollutants, become attached to droplets and are then retained within the lung causing worsening of symptoms. []

Articles: Mirta Ortega

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or most common known as COPD, is one of the most common lung diseases. COPD can cause, chronic bronchitis, which involves a long-term cough with mucus and pain the chest. Another cause of COPD is emphysema, which involves destruction of the lungs with time. People that have COPD tend to have both conditions. There are many causes of COPD, and the most common is smoking. The more a person smokes, the more likely that person will develop COPD. Some of the symptoms of COPD are: cough, fatigue, respiratory infections, trouble catching one’s breath, shortness of breath that gets worse with mild activity, and wheezing. COPD can be treatment and controlled. One of the principal treatments is to tell the patients to stop smoking. Some of the medications that doctors recommend to patients with COPD are:
 * 1) Bronchodilators; that will helps the patient to breathe easier.
 * 2) Glucocorticoids; that will help to decreasing swelling and inflammation lungs.
 * 3) Antibiotics; that are recommended to reduce inflammation.

Article-Nicole Faber New Surgery in the Works! Some doctors that have patients with advanced COPD recommend Lung Volume Reduction Surgery(LVRS) as a treatment option. The surgery removes 20-30% of the damaged lung, giving the remaining lung tissue and surrounding muscles the ability to work more efficiently. However, open-chest surgery is highly invasion and dangerous and has risks such as pneumonia or creation of an air leak in the lung. Some doctors are trying a new form of LVRS by using video-assisting thoracic surgery. It uses a series of small cuts to remove small sections of lung tissue. If this new method proves to be successful, it will become a mainstream procedure. []

Article: Nicole Faber Stem Cell Treatment Giving COPD Patients Another Option Most information for COPD promotes preventive care or medications to manage the patients symptoms. However, International Stem Cell Institute in San Diego, California, recently launched the Adult Adipose-derived Stem Cell Therapy program. Stem cell therapy is rising with the positive results that patients are experiencing.

The International Stem Cell Institute uses a proprietary Autologous Adult Adipose-derived Stem Cell treatment process that been developed over the last 10 years. During the procedure, adipose tissue (fat) is removed from the patient using mini-liposuctio, and processed with a combination of platelet rich plasma which includes growth factors. A special low laser light is used to activate the stem cells, and is then administered via an IV infusion over 1-2 hours. It is an easy out-patient procedure that’s excellent for treating COPD because up to 80% of the stem cells guided by the circulatory system will go to the lungs if the repair work is needed.

Recent studies show that mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to suppress many of the immune system assailants such as macrophages that attach emphysema-ridden lung tissue. Many patients with COPD who have been treated with the stem cell procedure have reported experiencing reductions in shortness of breath and less reliance on supplemental oxygen. []

article living with COPD There is no cure for COPD, but it can be manage. For example if the person who has COPD smoke, quitting is the most important thing they can do to help their lungs. Also they need to try and stay away from people who smoke or places where there is people smoking. Some other suggestions are: It is important to keep the home arir clean. keep smoke and strong smells out of home. cook near to an open window. keep windows closed and stay home when there is a lot of pullution outside. see the doctor at least twice a year, even if you are feeling fine. get every year the flu shot and pneumonia vaccination. keep your body strong by learning breathing execises and walking regularly. eat healthy food. Is important that a patient with COPD as their family to help by eating healthy foods too. eat lost of fruits and vegetables can help to have a healthy body. there are some recommendations for patients with COPD, and how they can have a normal life. []

One of the most troublesome symptoms of COPD is dyspnea, commonly referred to as shortness of breath. As the disease progresses, dyspnea often worsens, interfering with activities of daily living and overall quality of life. Although medications help to some degree, better breathing with COPD requires a comprehensive approach to its management that includes the following 10 tips: 1. quit smoking 2. take you medications 3. get more sleep 4. avoid airways irritants 5. do exercise 6. use of oygen it is nessesary 7. practice breathing and airwasy clearance techiques 8. eat better 9. eat antioxidant vitaminns, D, E, C, and A 10. is the disease is getting very worse considere lung surgry.

[]

Accepting a new diet with COPD Most people are surprised to learn that the food they eat can affect their breathing. People with COPD need 10 times as many calories as a healthy person. COPD patients should speak with a registered dietician that specializes in COPD to set up a specific diet. A registered Dietician can also provide you with tips on reading food labels, grocery shopping, cooking/baking, and eating away from home. Until you talk to a dietician, here are some tips to help you eat healthier: These are only a few tips of the many that you can find out there. For complete diet information, talk to your doctor about finding a dietician or go to [|www.eatright.org].
 * Select foods that are easy to prepare. Do not waste all your energy cooking so you won’t have enough to eat later.
 * Rest before eating.
 * If you are too tired to eat later in the day, eat more food early in the morning.
 * Avoid foods that cause gas or bloating.
 * Eat 4-6 small meals a day instead of 3 larger ones.
 * Eat fresh fruit or fruit with no sugar added.
 * Add margarine to breads/vegetables.
 * Use artificially sweetened jams, jellies, and hard candies.

[]